Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a PDF. Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this ...

When you say sponsors should think of their clinical protocols as “data”, what do you mean? For a lot of non-data-scientists, the word “data” typically conjures up images of numbers and spreadsheets.

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information used for research. Collecting data is one of the most important steps in the research process, and is part of all disciplines ...

Smart, as its name implies, requires lots of data from a range of sources and types. For example, smart cities require data ...