In modeling emissions, the literature has usually specified an explicit emission function, or treated emissions as a production input. We examine the validity of these approaches, taking into account ...

We apply Leif Johansen's dynamic production function framework to the development of the Finnish brewery industry over a 30-year time span, 1955 to 1984, based on micro data (plants). The relationship ...

In economics, production is the act of creating output, a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. The act may or may not include factors of production other than ...