Definition: Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a sophisticated coating technology widely used to deposit thin films of materials onto various substrates. This technique involves the physical ...

PVD is the most important coating process to produce thin layers of materials. Used for architectural or smart glass, displays, touch panels and solar cells, thin layers provide crucial properties for ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is a widely used technique in materials science, particularly in the fabrication of thin films and coatings, as well as the synthesis of advanced materials. It involves ...

Copper’s resistivity depends on its crystal structure, void volume, grain boundaries and material interface mismatch, which becomes more significant at smaller scales. The formation of copper (Cu) ...