Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is a vital part of modern electronics, used in designing and manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs) that power many digital devices. CMOS ...

For years—decades, in fact—the NMOS transistor world has been on cruise control. NMOS is naturally faster and its performance has scaled better than PMOS. PMOS has had a cost advantage. But lately, it ...

PMOS transistors are less vulnerable to substrate noise since they’re placed in separate wells; designers implement guard rings to attenuate the substrate noise propagation. However, substrate noise ...