Natural immunity comes from being exposed to a microbe that causes a disease. Vaccination-mediated immunity comes from being exposed to a vaccine that is similar to but not the same as the microbe. If ...

Innate Immunity is a nonspecific host defense mechanism against foreign antigens. It is the first line of defense in a host and occurs immediately or within hours after exposure. This type of immunity ...

A new review by Dr. Ruyuan Wang and an international team of researchers explores the complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, shedding light on regulatory mechanisms in ...

Researchers at the University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne have determined that the novel mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines not only induce acquired immune responses such as antibody ...

Most Canadians now have hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 through natural infection, primarily from the Omicron variant, and vaccination, but seropositivity varies by age and location, research ...

Detailed immune profiling in long-term care populations reveals that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and infections drive powerful virus-specific responses while leaving lifelong common cold immunity largely ...

Researchers have discovered that mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have a persistent effect on the innate immune system. These mechanisms may help the human body to better protect itself against potential ...

Researchers at the University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne have shown in their study that the novel mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines not only induce acquired immune responses such as ...