IT is well known that for the excitation of the characteristic X-ray spectra of elements, an electron has first to be removed from some internal level; when this is done, an electron from an outer ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...

Astronomers have published the first clear detection of signatures long sought in the spectra of X-ray astronomical sources, the so-called EXAFS signatures, standing for "Extended X-ray Absorption ...

The SXDUs consist of X-ray Detector Modules (XDMs), analog electronic units (AEUs), a data processing unit (DPU), and a power supply unit (PSU). Collimators are positioned in front of the XDMs to ...